Renal involvement in some forms of acute or chronic diseases, such as heart failure or sepsis, presents with a complex pathophysiological basis that is not always clearly distinguishable. Renal venous hypertension usually seen in young, otherwise healthy individuals and can lead to significant overall morbidity. The definition of renal venous hypertension in the literature is limited, but it can be defined as an increased pressure gradient between the renal vein and larger draining vein (external iliac vein in the setting of a renal transplant). Pursuing high CVP levels has recently been challenged. Renovascular hypertension is a condition in which high blood pressure is caused by the kidneys' hormonal response to narrowing of the arteries supplying the kidneys. The following are key points to remember from this state-of-the-art review on renal denervation for treating hypertension: Available data suggest that over 1 billion people worldwide have hypertension (HTN) and that over 9 million annual deaths can be attributed to complications of HTN such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal failure. Aside from clinical findings and physical examination, diagnosis can be made with ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance conventional venography.

The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux which is a treatable condition. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition in which blood pools in the veins, straining the walls of the vein.

As functional venous valves are required to provide for efficient blood return from the lower extremities, this condition typically affects the legs. CVP measurements therefore are often applied at the bedside to guide fluid administration in postoperative and critically ill patients. When functioning properly this hormonal axis regulates blood pressure. Longstanding experimental evidence supports the role of renal venous hypertension in causing kidney dysfunction and “congestive renal failure.” A focus has been heart failure, in which the cardiorenal syndrome may partly be due to high venous pressure, rather than traditional mechanisms involving low cardiac output. The central venous pressure (CVP) is traditionally used as a surrogate of intravascular volume. Of purely venous vascular anomalies, renal venous hypertension is most often caused by ring-shaped left renal vein (17% of cases), retroaortic left renal vein (3%). Extremely rare causes - the congenital absence of the ordering department of the renal vein and its congenital stenosis.